In recent decades, there has been increasing interest in both the development of new methodologies for monitoring economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR), such as using a system of indicators, and the establishment and strengthening of national human rights institutions (NHRIs). Nevertheless, discourse around these two areas has largely proceeded on two parallel tracks, with only limited thought given to how they might reciprocate one another. This background paper aims to bridge this divide, arguing for greater engagement with NHRIs in the ongoing development of new monitoring methodologies.